March 1996, Volume 2 No. 1

ARTICLE 4

Kandungan laktoferin dalam susu ibu dan kaitan dengan pengambilan kalori, protein dan ferum

(Lactoferrin content of breast milk and its association with maternal calorie, protein and iron intake)

Maznah Ismail & Rodziah Abd Razak

Department of Nutrition and Community Health, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor.

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan laktoferin dalam susu ibu dan menguji perkaitannya dengan pengambilan kalori, protein dan ferum dalam diet ibu. Kajian telah dilakukan ke atas 35 orang ibu yang baru melahirkan sehingga hari ke-30 kelahiran di kawasan Serdang. Sampel susu ibu dipungut sebanyak tiga kali iaitu pada peringkat kolostrum (hari ke-2), transisi (hari ke-7) dan matang (hari ke­30). Maklumat kajian diperolehi melalui penggunaan borang soal selidik yang mengandungi makiumat latar belakang subjek, Ingatan Diet 24 Jam dan Kekerapan Pengambilan Makanan. Maklumat Ingatan Diet 24 Jam dianalisis menggunakan DEMETER bagi menentukan pengambilan kalori, protein dan ferum ibu-ibu. Teknik ELISA sandwic tak bersaing telah digunakan untuk menentukan kandungan laktoferin dalam susu ibu. Hasil analisis yang dijalankan mendapati bahawa kandungan laktoferin menurun mengikut tempoh penyusuan dengan min laktoferin di dalam kolostrum sebanyak 7.0 ± 0.3 mg/ml (6.2 - 7.6 mg/ml), susu transisi sebanyak 3.5 ± 0.2 mg/ml (2.6-4.1 mg/ml) dan susu matang sebanyak 1.5 ± 0.2 mg/ml (1.2-1.9 mg/ml. Data pengambilan diet diet subjek kajian menunjukkan bahawa purata pengambilan nutrien ibu-ibu pada hari ke-30 meningkat berbanding hari ke-7. Purata pengambilan kalori pada hari ke­7 ialah sebanyak 2540 ± 325 kcal dan meningkat kepada 2698 ± 364 kcal pada hari ke-30 sementara bagi protein pula sebanyak 65.0 ± 26.8 g pada hari ke-7 dan meningkat kepada 74.9 ± 32.1 g pada hari ke-30. Demikian juga bagi ferum, pada hari ke-7 didapati pengambilan sebanyak 11.5 ± 6.9 mg dan pada hari ke-30, ia meningkat kepada 14.4 ± 8.9 mg. Pekali Korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahawa tiada perkaitan yang signifikan di antara pengambilan kalori, protein dan ferum dengan kandungan laktoferin pada p<0.05 (r=0.1258, 0.0878, 0.2056). Kajian ini mendapati bahawa kandungan laktoferin menurun sepanjang tempoh penyusuan, paling tinggi pada peringkat kolostrum dan aras laktoferin tidak dipengaruhi oleh pengambilan kalori, protein dan ferum ibu.

ABSTRACT

This research was undertaken to study the lactoferrin content of breast milk and its correlation to maternal calorie, protein and iron intake. The study was conducted in Serdang area and it involved 35 mothers from day one to day 30 postnatal. Milk samples were collected at three different stages; colostrum (day 2), transitional milk (day 7) and mature milk (day 30). Background and dietary data were collected through questionnaire which provided information on the subjects background, 24-hour diet recall and food frequency. Results from 24-hour dietary recall were analyzed using a nutritional programme, DEMETER to determine the calorie, protein and iron intake of these mothers. The concentration of lactoferrin in milk samples was analyzed using an indirect sandwich technique. Analysis showed a decrease in lactoferrin concentration during the lactation period. Lactoferrin concentration in colostrum, transitional and mature milk was 7.0 ± 0.3 mg/ml (6.2-7.6 mg/ml), 3.5 ± 0.2 mg/ml (2.6-4.1 mg/ml) and 1.5 ± 0.2 mg/ml (1.2-1.9 mg/ml) respectively. With regards to the dietary intake, the results showed that the average nutrient intake on the 30th day was higher compared to an average intake on the 7th day. Average calorie intake on day 7 was 2540 ± 325 kcal and it increased to 2698 ± 364 kcal on day 30, while the average protein intake on day 7 was 65.0 ± 26.8 g which increased to 74.9 ± 32.1 g on the 30th day. The average iron intake also increased from 11.56.9 mg on day 7 to 14.4 ± 8.9 mg on day 30. Pearson Correlation Coefficient showed no significant correlation between maternal calorie, protein and iron and the concentration of lactoferrin at p < 0.05 (r=0.1258, 0.0878, 0.2056). This data suggests that lactoferrin concentration decreases during the feeding period being highest at the colostral stage and the level is not affected significantly by the maternal intakes of calorie, protein and iron.

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