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Mal J Nutr 17(1): 129 - 141T, 121
Review
Type 2 Diabetes in the Sultanate of Oman
Al-Shookri A1, Khor GL2, Chan YM1, Loke S
C1 & Al-Maskari M3
1 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
2 School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences. International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3 College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-khod, Sultanate of Oman
ABSTRACT
During the past four decades, Oman has undergone a rapid socioe-conomic and epidemiological transition leading to a substantial reduction in the prevalence
of various communicable diseases, including vaccine-preventable diseases. Health care planning together with the commitment of policy makers has been
a critical factor in this reduction. However, with rapid social and economic growth, lifestyle-related non communicable diseases have emerged as new health
challenges to the country. Diabetes and obesity are leading risks posed by the chronic diseases. The burden of diabetes has increased sharply in Oman over the
last decade, rising from 8.3% in 1991 to 11.6% in 2000 among adults aged 20 years and older. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicted an increase of
190% in the number of subjects living with diabetes in Oman over the next 20 years, rising from 75,000 in 2000 to 217,000 in 2025. There is a lack of awareness
of the major risk factors for diabetes mellitus in the Omani population generally.
As education is often the most significant predictor of knowledge regarding risk
factors, complications and the prevention of diabetes, health promotion in Oman is deemed critical, along with other prevention and control measures. Suitable
prevention strategies for reducing the prevalence of diabetes in Oman are discussed. Recommendations are made for reforms in the current health care
system; otherwise, diabetes will constitute a major drain on Oman’s human and financial resources, threatening the advances in health and longevity achieved
over the past decades.
Keywords: Non-communicable diseases, Oman, type 2 diabetes
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