About Diabetes:

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF DIABETES?

Type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

  • There is an absolute shortage of insulin
  • This can be the result of the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. This, in turn, is caused by:
    • Virus or toxic chemicals
    • Physical injuries to the pancreas?
  • Usually occurs at a younger age (<30 years old).
  • Must be controlled with insulin shots, along with proper diet and regular exercise.

Type 2 or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

  • There is a relative shortage of insulin or an insulin resistance*
  • This can be the result of the pancreas failing to produce sufficient insulin or the body is resistant to insulin
  • Usually occurs at older age (>35 years old).
  • Can be managed with proper diet and exercise. Sometimes, oral medication may be needed to stimulate production of insulin from the pancreas or increasing the action of insulin.
  • Daily insulin shots may be needed in uncontrollable cases.

*Insulin resistance is a condition where insulin is available in the blood, but cells are not sensitive or responsive to it.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

GDM is another type of diabetes which usually occurs during pregnancy and ends after delivery.

During pregnancy, hormones produced by the placenta for the baby's development may block the normal action of insulin in the body. This makes it harder for the mother's body to use insulin.

Women who have had GDM are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is important to perform a blood glucose test between 28 to 32 weeks of pregnancy to determine if you have GDM.
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